Method of introducing fuel into internal-combustion engines.



L, GBNTZEN, METEOD OF INTRODUCING FUEL INTO INTBREJAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED N013, 1911.

/ z L M f; ya W Eiaceniefi June 23, 191%.

i a conduit 6.

preliminary chamber communicates with the,

LUD'WIG GENTZEN, OF Mil'LHEIH-ON-THE-BHINE, GERMANY.

METHOD OF. INTRGDUCING FUEL INTQ INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatcnfedJune 23, 1914.

Application filed flovember 8,1911. Serial Bio. 658,406.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUDWIG Gnn'rznu, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Miilheim-on-the-Rhine, Germany, have invented new and useful. Improvements in Methods of Introducing Fuel 'into Internal- Comb ustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of introducing fuel into internal combustion engines using fuel of low flashing point of that kind that, on being injected, by means of a charge of atomizing air, into the heated interior of the cylinder, it will not ignite directly. In such cases as is well known, a

charge of lighting fuel is used, a small quantity of which is introduced into the cylinder immediately before the introduction of the working charge proper, which charge owing to its easier inflammability, starts the ignition.

The present invention has for its object, in the simplest possible manner, to reduce the quantit of lighting fuel to a minimum. It is base on the observation that the amount of lighting fuel required depends chiefly on its. being thoroughly atomized and, if possible, evaporated by means of hot air. To that end, the cylinder is connected to or provided with a preliminary chamber which is normally closed at, the rear end, and

through which the working fuel and the ,atomizing air are driven at the moment of the desired ignitionl This preliminary chamber is in communication at the point Where it opens into the cylinder, with a. conduit for the supply of lighting fuel, so that when during the compression period the lighting fuel escapes from" the said con duit, it is driven and sprayed into the front part of the preliminary chamber by the air forced out of the cylinder into the said preliminary chamber,

In the accompanying drawing, A represents the working or engine cylinder, b the preliminary chamber closed atthe rear end and communicating with a passage controlled by avalve 0 with the fuel supply. A conduit'd for the working fuel merges into the seating of said valve while compressed air is supplied in front of the valve through At its inner end where the cylinder is a cap f'provided with several distributing or atomizing holes, with which communicates anotherconduit 9 connected tained only air, with or without a certain amountof working fuel from the last stroke. In thechamber b there is thus collected an inflammable charge of air andlighting fuel Toward the end of the compression stroke,

the valve 0 is'opencd, whercupon working.

fuel passes through d and the atomizing air' through c into the chamber 6, the said mixture driving the lighting charge in front of it into the cylinder and entering thelatter after the said charge. In that way, first the ignition of the readily combustible lighting charge and then of the working charge, take place.

can be used to provide a lighting charge provided that the parts are properly dime'n-- gioned. To that end, the wall in surrounding the conduit 1), must be made in such manner, that it will take u sufficient heat from the cylinder, and therefore become sufficiently strongly heated, to gasify the small quantity of the heavy fuel supplied through the conduit and driven into the chamber b by means of the hot air driven back through the cap f on the compression stroke of the piston in the cylinder. This portion of the working or driving fuel forms with the air so supplied a mixture which can be easily ignited on entering the cylinder, which mixture thusiguitcs the charge, consisting of a mixture of working fuel with atomizing air which enters subsequently, after the opening of the valve 0. In this way, a small portion Vith this process the working fuel itself of the heavy working fuel which otherwisecould not be used with auxiliary ignition,ia's' lighting fuel, can be utilized as a lighting fuel because it can placed in more favorable conditions than thd greater portion of the working fuel, as it can take up from the hot Wall of the chamber l: sufficient heat to beatomized with the small portion of hot air driven out of the cylinder into the chamher," the quantity of which would be insuliicient for I atomizing the whole charge; 5 finally, because the chamber can hold a small ortion of the total required amount of fuel in evaporated state mixed with air, while it wouldi' not be possible for it to receive the whole quantity of fuel in such state on account of the excessive dimensions of the chamber that would be required.

Aspecial feature of this )rocess of starting ignition compared to 0t ier well know 1 processes in which a preliminary chamber 5 connected to the cylinder is used, is that no burning gases paSs through the passages or openings between the c linder and the pre liminary chamber, whic is always combined with certain drawbacks. The ignition does 0 not take plaoegin the cap, but in the cylinder, but it f cannot light back from the cyl- 'inder into "the cap or chamber as the subse v quent jet 'of the mixture of the working air and fuel drives the ignited gases farther into the cylinder, and the unlighted gas from the cap or nozzle into the cylinder.

Claims.

1. A process for introducing fuel into internal combustion engines' having a preliminary chamber permanently communicating with the interior of the working cylinder, consisting in firstly introducing a small tklantity of lighting fuel into the mouth of t forced and sprayed into the interior of the e preliminary chamber, which charge is.

preliminary chamber by the air charge comressed in the cylinder during the compressv mg stroke, then introducing the working fuel. charge mixed with highly compressed air into the rear part-of the preliminary chamber, this working fuel charge forcing the lighting fuel charge back into the cylinder, where it ignites itself and ignites the following working fuel charge while the latter enters the cylinder.

2. A process for introducing fuel into internal combustion engines having a prelin'iinary chamber permanently communicating with the interior of the working cylinder, consisting in firstly introducing a small quantity of working fuel into the mouth of ,the preliminary chamber, which charge is t'oll0wing' working fuel charge while the latter enters the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name toithis specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LUDYVIG GENTZEN.

\Vitnesses ()scixn DEPNER, l mu'uNANn EnGELs. 

